Got it working
I was ready to walk away since it was eating up too much time from everything else I had going on, but we’d put in too much effort to quit, and maybe this will help someone else with a similar problem.
I went back to square one, retraced my steps to see if I’d missed anything, but everything checked out.
I used both of my NVMe drives, Firecuda 530 4TB as the destination with a second Win11 OS, and SN8100 2TB as the main. First, I copied the Win11 OS partition to the Firecuda without resizing, and it worked flawlessly.
Then I deleted that partition from the Firecuda, resized the original OS on the SN8100 to 100000MB, rebooted, and copied the resized partition to the Firecuda’s free space. After another reboot, both OS showed up in the boot menu and started up multiple times without issue.
While using Partition Work, and I have mentioned that at the beginning of this troubleshooting, the Samsung 860 Pro sometimes randomly disappeared. I’d already swapped the cable and confirmed all four ports were fine, so I suspected a BIOS setting.
The x870 Crosshair Extreme has some hidden options, so it took me a bit longer to go through most settings and since NVMe and SATA use different protocols (PCIe vs AHCI), I started thinking about UEFI and SATA. I only then realized what I’d overlooked! Running a SATA SSD in Windows is one thing, but in UEFI it’s another.
Enabling CMC in the BIOS fixed it, and now the SATA drive is recognized in legacy mode as if it were MBR.
I know there are drawbacks of having CMC enabled, it’s slower and outdated, but for now, it’s fine until I can get another decent NVMe, then I’ll switch and use my 860 as a scratch disk in Windows.
Thanks again to Brian and Therabyte support for the help and patience, it means a lot.